# Lesson 94: Making 10 combinations

🧮 MATH (40 Lessons) • 🔵 B. Addition and Subtraction

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## Objective

I can find two numbers that make 10. I can use counters, a ten-frame, or a number bond to show my thinking and write an addition sentence.

## Materials

- 10 small counters (blocks, buttons, or beads) for each student
- Printed ten-frame (2 rows of 5 boxes) or a homemade ten-frame
- Pencil and notebook or scrap paper

## Mini-lesson — All the ways to make 10

The number 10 can be made from two parts. Each pair of parts is a combination (or a number bond) to 10.

Using a ten-frame

- A ten-frame has 10 boxes (2 rows of 5).
- When all the boxes are filled, it shows 10.
- If some boxes are filled and some are empty, we see how many and how many more.

Example: 3 and 7 make 10

- Put 3 counters in the ten-frame.
- Count how many boxes are empty. There are 7 empty boxes.
- So 3 + 7 = 10. We can say "3 and 7 make 10".

Other ways to make 10

- 1 + 9 = 10
- 2 + 8 = 10
- 4 + 6 = 10
- 5 + 5 = 10

Number bonds to 10

- We can draw a whole-part diagram.
- Put 10 at the top (the whole).
- Put the two parts at the bottom (for example 4 and 6).
- Read it as "4 and 6 are parts of 10".

In this lesson, we will find all the pairs that make 10 and use them to help with adding and subtracting within 20.

Picture strip: Ten-frame and number bond for 10

Ten-frame — 3 and 7

Number bond to 10

## Guided Practice — Build and record ways to make 10

You will use counters and a ten-frame to find different pairs that make 10. Then you will use the tracing pad to write important number bond words.

1. Start with 10 counters: Fill the whole ten-frame. Talk about how it shows 10.
2. Make a pair: Slide some counters to one side. For example, put 2 counters on the left and 8 counters on the right.
3. Say the combination: Say "2 and 8 make 10". Write 2 + 8 = 10 in your notebook.
4. Repeat with new pairs: Try 1 and 9, 3 and 7, 4 and 6, and 5 and 5. Record each as an addition sentence.
5. Draw number bonds: For one combination, like 3 and 7, draw a whole-part diagram with 10 at the top and 3 and 7 at the bottom.
6. Find the missing partner: If you know one part (for example 4), ask "What goes with 4 to make 10?" Use counters or your ten-frame to find the missing number.
7. Use the tracing pad: Trace words like ten, part, whole, or make 10. You can also trace a pair of numbers, such as 4 and 6.

Tracing Pad
Lines
Trace
Pen

## Practice 1 — Make 10 with counters

[PLACEHOLDER PRACTICE 1]

## Practice 2 — Ten-frames and missing partners

[PLACEHOLDER PRACTICE 2]

## Practice 3 — Number bonds and addition sentences

[PLACEHOLDER PRACTICE 3]

## Quick Check — Making 10 combinations

Answer each question about making 10. You may use counters or draw a ten-frame to help you.

1) What does it mean to make 10?

To count backwards from 10 To draw 10 shapes To put two parts together that add up to 10
Making 10 means finding two numbers that add up to 10.

2) Which pair makes 10?

1 and 9 1 and 8 1 and 7
1 + 9 = 10.

3) Which equation shows a way to make 10?

2 + 5 = 7 2 + 8 = 10 2 + 6 = 9
2 and 8 are partners that make 10.

4) A ten-frame shows 4 counters and 6 empty boxes. Which sentence matches the picture?

4 + 4 = 8 6 + 6 = 12 4 + 6 = 10
4 filled and 6 empty boxes show 4 + 6 = 10.

5) Which pair is not a way to make 10?

3 and 8 5 and 5 4 and 6
3 + 8 = 11, so it does not make 10.

6) 7 and which number make 10?

1 3 4
7 + 3 = 10, so 3 is the missing partner.

7) 9 and which number make 10?

0 2 1
9 + 1 = 10, so 1 is the missing partner.

8) 6 and which number make 10?

4 5 3
6 + 4 = 10, so 4 is the partner.

9) Which picture best shows a way to make 10?

A ten-frame with 10 empty boxes A ten-frame with 2 counters and 8 empty boxes A ten-frame with 7 counters and 4 empty boxes
2 filled and 8 empty boxes show a 2 and 8 combination to make 10.

10) Which pair is another way to say "5 and 5 make 10"?

5 − 5 10 − 5 5 + 5
5 + 5 = 10 is the addition sentence for that combination.

11) Why are making 10 facts helpful?

They help us add and subtract quickly in our heads. They only work for the number 5. They make numbers smaller.
Knowing partners of 10 helps us with many addition and subtraction problems.

12) A number bond shows 10 at the top and 2 at the bottom on one side. What number should go on the other side?

7 8 6
2 + 8 = 10, so 8 is the missing part.

13) Which sentence is true?

3 and 5 make 10 4 and 7 make 10 3 and 7 make 10
3 + 7 = 10, so they are a correct pair.

14) A student says: "I saw 6 counters on the ten-frame and 4 empty boxes, so 6 and 4 make 10." What did they use to help them?

A picture model (ten-frame) Only guessing A subtraction fact
They used the ten-frame picture to see the two parts of 10.

15) You know that 8 and 2 make 10. Which problem could you solve more quickly using this fact?

3 + 3 8 + 2 5 − 1
8 + 2 is exactly the making-10 fact you already know.

## Assessment (parent/teacher)

Student can explain that 10 is made from two parts. Student can list several pairs that make 10 (for example 1 and 9, 2 and 8, 4 and 6, 5 and 5). Student can use a ten-frame or counters to find the missing partner to make 10. Student can write addition sentences that show combinations of 10. Student can describe how making 10 facts can help with other addition and subtraction problems.

## Exit ticket (student)

😀 I know many ways to make 10. 🙂 I know some ways to make 10 but still need more practice. 😅 Making 10 still feels tricky for me.

#### Next time I will practise…

Using ten-frames to make 10 Finding missing partners to make 10 Writing addition sentences that make 10
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